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Biology Paper 1 · B4 · Lesson 4.6

Anaerobic respiration and fermentation

Transferring energy without oxygen, in muscles and yeast.

Key ideas1 of 4

When oxygen supply cannot keep up

During vigorous exercise, anaerobic respiration can contribute when oxygen supply is insufficient. In muscle cells: glucose → lactic acid. Glucose is not fully oxidised, so much less energy is transferred per glucose than aerobically.

Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells converts glucose to lactic acid, transferring less energy per glucose than aerobic respiration.

Anaerobic means without oxygen. It does not mean without energy transfer.

Next: How the body responds to exercise →
Topic resources and sources

Daily 5 · Core exam practice · Higher Tier questions · A4 revision sheet

Lessons 4.1–4.8 cover the core. Lessons 4.9–4.10 are Higher Tier only. Daily 5 practises core facts.

AQA Combined Science Trilogy specification · 4.4.2.1. Original notes, questions and diagrams. Experimental numbers are illustrative.

Photographs: pondweed by Frank Vincentz; dough by ElinorD, both CC BY-SA 3.0. Polytunnel by Bob Nichols / USDA, public domain. Images displayed without cropping or other alterations.