GCSE SCIENCE · PARTICLE MODELS

Dilution lab

Choose your volumes. Pour. Watch the concentration change.

Your beaker

EMPTY
Concentration in the beaker
—mol/dm³
Empty beaker
Animated particle model. Live volume and concentration values are shown below.
Red particles = H⁺ ions
Acid solution added0cm³
Water added0cm³
Total volume0cm³

Choose your pour

Set a volume, then pour.

Acid solution

Hydrochloric acid · 1.00 mol/dm³

cm³

Water

Add volume without adding acid.

cm³

1000 cm³ of space available.

Start with a pour.

Set the acid volume, then press Pour acid. You can add water first, too.

0 red model particles
Show the GCSE calculation

The source acid has a concentration of 1.00 mol/dm³. Volumes must use the same unit.

Final concentration = source concentration × acid solution volume ÷ total volume
Add some liquid to begin.
What do the particles show?

Red dots represent H⁺ ions in hydrochloric acid. Adding acid solution adds more red dots. Adding water keeps the red-dot count the same.

Hydrochloric acid is colourless. The red colour is used only for the particle model.

Chloride ions are omitted. Optional blue dots represent water; acid solution already contains water. All particle sizes and numbers are simplified and not to scale.

The beaker is empty.