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Chemistry · Paper 2 · Foundation + Higher

Dynamic equilibrium

Key ideas1 of 3

Use a closed system

For equilibrium, a reversible reaction must take place in a closed system: reactants and products cannot escape. A closed system can still transfer energy to its surroundings.

Closed system with 4 red A particles and 8 blue B particles. Equal forward and reverse changes preserve these totals.

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Foundation + Higher. C6 · Rate and extent of chemical change.

AQA Combined Science Trilogy 8464 · 5.6.2.3. Original teaching notes, questions and diagrams. Animations are simplified models; speeds and practical readings are illustrative.