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Chemistry · Paper 2 · Higher Tier only

Higher Tier: shifting equilibrium

Key ideas1 of 3

Oppose the change

Le Chatelier’s principle: if conditions change, a system at equilibrium shifts to counteract that change. Adding a reactant or removing a product shifts equilibrium towards products.

Ammonia equilibrium: four gas molecules on the left and two on the right. Forward is exothermic. Higher pressure favours ammonia; higher temperature favours the reverse reaction.

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Higher Tier only. C6 · Rate and extent of chemical change.

AQA Combined Science Trilogy 8464 · 5.6.2.4–5.6.2.7. Original teaching notes, questions and diagrams. Animations are simplified models; speeds and practical readings are illustrative.