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Separate Physics · Paper 2 · Higher Tier only · P8

Higher: speed, velocity and stable orbits

Key ideas1 of 3

Constant speed can mean changing velocity

Speed gives how fast an object moves; velocity includes its direction. A satellite in a circular orbit can keep the same speed while its direction continually changes. Its velocity therefore changes, which means it accelerates. Gravity supplies the inward resultant force causing this change. The force points towards the central body, while the instantaneous velocity points along a tangent to the circular path.

A satellite with separate inward gravitational-force and tangent-velocity arrows.

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Higher Tier only · P8. P8 is a complete Physics-only topic.

AQA GCSE Physics 8463 · 4.8.1.3. Original notes, questions and diagrams. Models are simplified; teaching data are illustrative.