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Separate Physics · Paper 2 · Foundation + Higher · P8

Red-shift and the expanding universe

Key ideas1 of 3

Comparing spectral patterns

Light from distant galaxies contains recognisable spectral lines produced by particular elements. Scientists compare their observed wavelengths with reference wavelengths measured in a laboratory. In most distant galaxies the matching pattern occurs at longer wavelengths. This is called red-shift because the shift is towards the red, longer-wavelength end of the visible spectrum, even when the original lines are outside visible light.

Reference and two galaxy spectra are plotted against a shared wavelength scale in nanometres.

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Daily 5 · Exam practice · Revision sheet ↓

Foundation + Higher · P8. P8 is a complete Physics-only topic.

AQA GCSE Physics 8463 · 4.8.2. Original notes, questions and diagrams. Models are simplified; teaching data are illustrative.