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Separate Biology · Paper 2 · Higher Tier only · B5

Higher: nitrogen waste and ADH

Key ideas1 of 3

Making a safer nitrogen waste

Protein digestion produces amino acids. Excess amino acids cannot be stored as amino acids, so the liver removes their amino groups by deamination. This forms ammonia, which is toxic. The liver immediately converts ammonia to urea, a less toxic substance that can travel in the blood to the kidneys. Urea is then excreted in urine rather than being stored indefinitely.

Blood carries urea to the kidneys for excretion.

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Daily 5 · Exam practice · Revision sheet ↓

Higher Tier only · B5. Use alongside the shared B5 lessons.

AQA GCSE Biology 8461 · 4.5.3.3. Original notes, questions and diagrams. Models are simplified; teaching data are illustrative.