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Separate Biology · Paper 2 · Foundation + Higher · B5

Dialysis and kidney transplants

Key ideas1 of 3

Replacing a lost function

If the kidneys fail, urea and excess water or ions can build up, disrupting the internal environment. Dialysis and kidney transplantation can replace important lost functions. Dialysis repeatedly cleans the blood using a machine, whereas a successful transplant supplies a functioning donor kidney. Neither option should be described as a guaranteed permanent cure without disadvantages, risks or further care.

Blood and dialysis fluid are separated by a membrane. Their contents are listed.

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Daily 5 · Exam practice · Revision sheet ↓

Foundation + Higher · B5. Use alongside the shared B5 lessons.

AQA GCSE Biology 8461 · 4.5.3.3. Original notes, questions and diagrams. Models are simplified; teaching data are illustrative.