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Separate Chemistry · Paper 2 · Foundation + Higher · C10

Polymers, composites and choosing materials

Key ideas1 of 3

Chains that can move on heating

Thermosoftening polymers have separate chains held together by intermolecular forces. On heating, those forces can be overcome sufficiently for the chains to move past one another, so the material softens and melts. Cooling allows it to become solid again. The covalent bonds along each chain are not broken during ordinary melting. This behaviour allows suitable thermosoftening waste to be melted and reshaped.

Two chain models labelled A and B; B includes red connections between chains.

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Practice, downloads and sources

Daily 5 · Exam practice · Revision sheet ↓

Foundation + Higher · C10. Use alongside the shared C10 lessons.

AQA GCSE Chemistry 8462 · 4.10.3.3. Original notes, questions and diagrams. Models are simplified; teaching data are illustrative.